Ukukhulula Amandla eeBhodi ze-ATMEL MCU
Iinkcukacha
Ifakwe kwimemori yenkqubo yeFlash ekumgangatho ophezulu
I-Flash ekumgangatho ophezulu kulula ukuyicima nokubhala, ixhasa i-ISP kunye ne-IAP, kwaye ilungele ukulungiswa kwemveliso, uphuhliso, ukuveliswa kunye nokuhlaziya.I-EEPROM eyakhelwe kuyo ixesha elide inokugcina idatha engundoqo ixesha elide ukuphepha ukulahlekelwa xa umbane ucinyiwe.I-RAM enkulu kwi-chip ayikwazi ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zezihlandlo eziqhelekileyo kuphela, kodwa iphinde ixhase ngokufanelekileyo ukusetyenziswa kolwimi oluphezulu lokuphuhlisa iinkqubo zenkqubo, kwaye inokwandisa i-RAM yangaphandle njenge-MCS-51 i-single-chip microcomputer.
Zonke izikhonkwane ze-I/O zinezixhasi zokutsalela phezulu ezilungiselelwayo
Ngale ndlela, inokuthi ibekwe ngabanye njengegalelo / imveliso, inokumiselwa (eyokuqala) igalelo eliphezulu, kwaye inamandla okuqhuba (izixhobo zokuqhuba amandla ziyakwazi ukushiywa), okwenza i-I / O izibonelelo ze-port ziguquguquke, ezinamandla, kunye nokusebenza ngokupheleleyo.sebenzisa.
Kwi-chip ezininzi izahluli zewotshi ezizimeleyo
Ingasetyenziselwa i-URAT, i-I2C, i-SPI ngokulandelanayo.Phakathi kwazo, i-8/16-bit timer inokufikelela kwi-10-bit prescaler, kwaye i-coefficient yolwahlulo lokuphindaphinda inokusetwa yisoftware ukunika amanqanaba ahlukeneyo exesha lexesha.
Uphuculo lwesantya esiphezulu se-USART
Inemisebenzi yokukhangela ikhowudi yokuvelisa i-hardware, ukukhangela i-hardware kunye nokuqinisekiswa, i-buffer yenqanaba ezimbini, ukulungiswa ngokuzenzekelayo kunye nokubekwa kwesantya se-baud, ukukhusela isakhelo sedatha, njl., ephucula ukuthembeka konxibelelwano, iququzelele ukubhalwa kweprogram, kwaye iyenze. Kulula ukwenza uthungelwano olusasazwayo kunye nokuqaphela Ukusetyenziswa okuntsokothileyo kwenkqubo yonxibelelwano lweekhompyuter ezininzi, umsebenzi wesiriyali wezibuko udlula kakhulu i-serial port ye-MCS-51 single-chip microcomputer, kwaye ngenxa yokuba i-AVR i-single-chip microcomputer iyakhawuleza kwaye iphazamise. ixesha lenkonzo lifutshane, inokuqonda izinga eliphezulu lonxibelelwano.
Ukuthembeka kweNkqubo eZinzile
I-AVR MCU inamandla okuzenzekelayo ekusetweni kwakhona kwesekethe, isiphaluka esizimeleyo somlindi, i-bod ephantsi yokufumanisa i-voltage yesiphaluka, imithombo emininzi yokusetha kwakhona (ukusetha kwakhona amandla ngokuzenzekelayo, ukusetha kwakhona kwangaphandle, ukusetha kabusha i-watchdog, ukusetha kabusha i-BOD), ukulibaziseka kokuqalisa okucwangcisiweyo Yenza inkqubo nanini na, eyandisa ukuthembeka kwenkqubo efakelweyo.
2. Intshayelelo kwi-AVR microcontroller series
Uluhlu lwee-microcomputer ze-AVR ze-single-chip zigqityiwe, ezinokuthi zisetyenziswe kwiimfuno zezihlandlo ezahlukeneyo.Kukho amabakala ama-3 ewonke, angala:
Uluhlu oluphantsi lwe-Tiny series: ikakhulu i-Tiny11/12/13/15/26/28 njl.;
Mid-uluhlu AT90S series: ikakhulu AT90S1200/2313/8515/8535, njl.;(ukususwa okanye ukuguqulwa ube yiMega)
Umgangatho ophezulu we-ATmega: ikakhulu i-ATmega8/16/32/64/128 (umthamo wokugcina yi-8/16/32/64/128KB) kunye ne-ATmega8515/8535, njl.
Izikhonkwane zesixhobo se-AVR zivela kwi-8 izikhonkwane ukuya kwi-64 izikhonkwane, kwaye kukho iipakethi ezahlukeneyo zabasebenzisi ukuba bakhethe ngokwemiqathango yangempela.
3. Izinto eziluncedo ze-AVR MCU
Isakhiwo seHarvard, esine-1MIPS/MHz isakhono sokusetyenzwa ngesantya esiphezulu;
Iseti yomyalelo oncitshisiweyo osebenza kakhulu (i-RISC), kunye neerejista ze-32 ezisetyenziselwa iinjongo eziqhelekileyo, zoyisa i-bottleneck phenomenon ebangelwa yi-single ACC processing ye-8051 MCU;
Ukufikelela ngokukhawuleza kumaqela okubhalisa kunye nenkqubo yokufundisa yomjikelezo omnye kwandisa kakhulu ubungakanani kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwekhowudi ekujoliswe kuyo.Eminye imifuziselo ineFLASH enkulu kakhulu, elungele uphuhliso kusetyenziswa iilwimi ezikwinqanaba eliphezulu;
Xa isetyenziswa njengemveliso, iyafana ne-PIC's HI/LOW, kwaye inokukhupha i-40mA.Xa isetyenziswe njengegalelo, inokuthi ibekwe njenge-tri-state high-impedance input okanye igalelo kunye ne-pull-up resistor, kwaye inamandla okucwila ngoku ukusuka kwi-10mA ukuya kwi-20mA;
I-chip idibanisa i-oscillators ye-RC kunye nee-frequencies ezininzi, ukusethwa kwakhona kwamandla ngokuzenzekelayo, i-watchdog, ukulibaziseka kokuqala kunye neminye imisebenzi, i-peripheral circuit ilula, kwaye inkqubo izinzile kwaye inokwethenjelwa;
Uninzi lwee-AVR zinezixhobo ezityebileyo kwi-chip: kunye ne-E2PROM, i-PWM, i-RTC, i-SPI, i-UART, i-TWI, i-ISP, i-AD, i-Analog Comparator, i-WDT, njl.;
Ukongeza kumsebenzi we-ISP, ii-AVR ezininzi nazo zinomsebenzi we-IAP, olungele ukuphuculwa okanye ukutshabalalisa izicelo.
4. Ukusetyenziswa kwe-AVR MCU
Ngokusekwe kwintsebenzo egqwesileyo ye-AVR ye-single-chip microcomputer kunye neempawu ezingasentla, kunokubonwa ukuba i-AVR ye-chip microcomputer enye inokusetyenziselwa uninzi lweemeko zesicelo ezifakwe ngoku.
Ibhodi ye-ATMEL MCU sisixhobo sophuhliso esithembeke kakhulu nesisebenzisekayo esenzelwe iinkqubo ezizinzisiweyo.Inika uluhlu olubanzi lweempawu kunye nemisebenzi kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezicelo ukusuka kubathengi be-elektroniki ukuya kwi-automation ye-industrial.Kwintliziyo yale bhodi ye-MCU yi-ATMEL microcontroller eyaziwa ngokusebenza kwayo okuphezulu kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla aphantsi.Ngokusekwe kwi-architecture ye-AVR, i-microcontroller ibonelela ngokusebenza ngokufanelekileyo kunye nokuqiniswa kwekhowudi kunye nokuhlanganiswa okungenamthungo kunye neeperipherals kunye nezixhobo zangaphandle.Ibhodi ixhotyiswe ngeendidi ze-peripherals ze-onboard, ezibandakanya izikhonkwane ze-GPIO, i-UART, i-SPI, i-I2C, kunye ne-ADC, eyenza uxhulumaniso olungenamthungo kunye nonxibelelwano kunye neenzwa zangaphandle, ii-activators, kunye nezinye izixhobo.Ukufumaneka kwezi peripherals kunika abaphuhlisi ukuguquguquka okukhulu kwizicelo zokwakha.Ukongeza, ibhodi ye-ATMEL MCU inememori ye-flash enkulu kunye ne-RAM, inika indawo eyaneleyo yokugcina ikhowudi kunye nedatha.Oku kuqinisekisa ukuba izicelo ezintsonkothileyo ezineemfuno zememori ezinkulu zinokufakwa lula.Into eqaphelekayo yebhodi yi-ecosystem yayo ebanzi yezixhobo zophuhliso lwesoftware.I-ATMEL Studio IDE ibonelela ngeqonga elisebenziseka lula kunye nenembileyo yokubhala, ukuqokelela kunye nokulungisa ikhowudi.I-IDE ikwabonelela ngethala leencwadi elibanzi lamacandelo esoftware, abaqhubi kunye ne-middleware ukwenza lula inkqubo yophuhliso kunye nokukhawulezisa ixesha lokuthengisa.Iibhodi ze-ATMEL MCU zixhasa iiprothokholi zonxibelelwano ezahlukeneyo ezibandakanya i-USB, i-Ethernet kunye ne-CAN, ezenza zilungele uluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo ezibandakanya i-IoT, i-robotics kunye ne-automation.Ikwabonelela ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zonikezelo lwamandla, ukuvumela abaphuhlisi ukuba bakhethe unikezelo lwamandla olufanelekileyo ngokusekelwe kwiimfuno zabo zesicelo.Ukongezelela, ibhodi yenzelwe ukuba ihambelane noluhlu olubanzi lweebhodi zokwandisa kunye neeperipherals, ukunika abaphuhlisi ukuguquguquka ukunyusa iimodyuli ezikhoyo kunye nokongeza ukusebenza njengoko kufuneka.Oku kuhambelana kuqinisekisa iprototyping ekhawulezayo kunye nokudityaniswa lula kweempawu ezongezelelweyo.Ukuncedisa abaphuhlisi, iibhodi ze-ATMEL MCU ziza namaxwebhu abanzi kuquka i-database, iincwadana zabasebenzisi kunye namanqaku osetyenziso.Ukongeza, uluntu oludlamkileyo lwabaphuhlisi kunye nabanomdla babonelela ngezixhobo ezixabisekileyo, inkxaso, kunye namathuba okwabelana ngolwazi.Isishwankathelo, ibhodi ye-ATMEL ye-MCU iyisixhobo esinokwethenjelwa nesisebenzayo sophuhliso lwenkqubo.Ngolawulo lwayo oluncinci olunamandla, izixhobo zememori ezibanzi, ii-peripherals zebhodi ezahlukeneyo, kunye ne-ecosystem yophuhliso elomeleleyo, ibhodi ibonelela ngeqonga elifanelekileyo lokudala kunye nokuvavanya izicelo kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo, ukuzisa inkqubo yophuhliso kunye nokusebenza kakuhle.
